PCNIQM: A Plithogenic–Complex Neutrosophic Framework for Quality Analysis of Anhui’s Industrial Upgrading under the Integrated RCEP–Belt & Road Regime

Abstract

: Industrial restructuring in Anhui is unfolding under the simultaneous influence 
of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and the Belt and Road 
Initiative (BRI). Conventional indices are limited in capturing the conflicting nature of 
development drivers and the cyclical fluctuations that accompany trade and investment. 
To address this, the paper introduces PCNIQM, a plithogenic–complex neutrosophic 
model for quality assessment of industrial upgrading. The framework combines 
contradiction-aware aggregation of multiple attributes with phase-sensitive neutrosophic 
encoding of truth, indeterminacy, and falsehood. This dual structure allows the model to 
measure both structural tensions such as openness versus resilience and temporal 
alignment with integration cycles. A case study of Anhui illustrates how the model 
produces a bounded index, identifies areas where productive ambiguity enhances 
performance, and delivers actionable insights for policy design. The findings confirm the 
framework’s potential to provide a transparent, mathematically consistent, and 
practically relevant tool for evaluating industrial transformation in complex regional 
environments

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17036920