Estimating the prevalence of delay in comprehensive and expressive language development in preschool children in Pichincha, Ecuador based on Plithogenic Statistics

Abstract

Language is defined as the exclusive capacity of human beings to communicate through a set of arbitrary linguistic 
codes materialized in speech, thanks to which cognitive, executive, social, and academic, among other skills are acquired. In the 
first three years of life, the child goes through the so-called critical period of language acquisition. In this period, the child 
develops the cognitive, neuromotor, and sensory skills necessary to generate the communicative bases, including intentionality 
to communicate turns of intervention, encoding, decoding, and interpretation of the message. If something happens at this stage, 
linguistic development could be severely compromised. This paper aims to carry out a statistical study on the prevalence of 
language disorders in children between one and three years of age in the Ecuadorian province of Pichincha, in 2024. Language 
disorders can affect both comprehensive and expressive language and are multicausal. That is why we apply Plithogenic Statistics 
in the study. Plithogenic Statistics extends Multivariate Statistics where, in addition to randomness, indeterminacy is included. 
This is the theory we selected to carry out the study because there are indeterminacies and multiple variables in the problem.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15036630