Neutrosophic Set Hybrid MCDM Methodology for Choosing Best Surfactant-Free Microemulsion Oils within Performance and Emission Criteria Over a Wide Range of Engine Loads

Abstract

Microemulsion fuels, also known as surfactant-free fuels, are fuels made from a combination of
two immiscible liquids, hydrocarbon fuel, and water, with a trace quantity of a co-solvent. Surfactants are
often used in conventional microemulsion fuels, however surfactant-free microemulsion fuels instead
depend on the thermodynamic features of the combination to generate a stable emulsion. In this paper, the
multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model for choosing microemulsion fuel with surfactant-free.
Various helpful and harmful criteria were evaluated for ten fuels at varying motor loads, according to
performance and emission characteristics. This paper integrated the neutrosophic set with the TOPSIS
method. The neutrosophic set is used to deal with uncertain data. The TOPSIS method is used to rank the
different fuels.