only partially verify some operations or some laws.

Using the process of NeutroSophication of a classical algebraic structure we produce a NeutroAlgebra,

while the process of AntiSophication of a classical algebraic structure produces an AntiAlgebra.

    Operation, NeutroOperation, AntiOperation

When we define an operation on a given set, it does not automatically mean that the operation is

well-defined. There are three possibilities:
    1) The operation is well-defined (also called inner-defined) for all set's elements [degree of truth

T = 1] (as in classical algebraic structures; this is a classical Operation). Neutrosophically we write:

Operation(1,0,0).
    2) The operation if well-defined for some elements [degree of truth T], indeterminate for other

elements [degree of indeterminacy I], and outer-defined for the other elements [degree of falsehood F],

where (T,I,F) is different from (1,0,0) and from (0,0,1) (this is a NeutroOperation). Neutrosophically

we write: NeutroOperation(T,I,F).
    3) The operation is outer-defined for all set's elements [degree of falsehood F = 1] (this is an 

AntiOperation). Neutrosophically we write: AntiOperation(0,0,1).
 

    Axiom, NeutroAxiom, AntiAxiom

Similarly for an axiom, defined on a given set, endowed with some operation(s). When we define an

axiom on a given set, it does not automatically mean that the axiom is true for all set’s elements.

We have three possibilities again:
    1) The axiom is true for all set's elements (totally true) [degree of truth T = 1] (as in classical

algebraic structures; this is a classical Axiom). Neutrosophically we write: Axiom(1,0,0).
    2) The axiom if true for some elements [degree of truth T], indeterminate for other elements [degree

of indeterminacy I], and false for other elements [degree of falsehood F], where (T,I,F) is different from

(1,0,0) and from (0,0,1) (this is NeutroAxiom). Neutrosophically we write NeutroAxiom(T,I,F).
    3) The axiom is false for all set's elements [degree of falsehood F = 1](this is AntiAxiom).

Neutrosophically we write AntiAxiom(0,0,1).

    Theorem, NeutroTheorem, AntiTheorem

In any science, a classical Theorem, defined on a given space, is a statement that is 100% true (i.e. true

for all elements of the space). To prove that a classical theorem is false, it is sufficient to get a single

counter-example where the statement is false. Therefore, the classical sciences do not leave room for

partial truth of a theorem (or a statement). But, in our world and in our everyday life, we have many

more examples of statements that are only partially true, than statements that are totally true. The

NeutroTheorem and AntiTheorem are generalizations and alternatives of the classical Theorem in

any science.

Let's consider a theorem, stated on a given set, endowed with some operation(s). When we construct

the theorem on a given set, it does not automatically mean that the theorem is true for all set’s

elements. We have three possibilities again:
    1) The theorem is true for all set's elements [totally true] (as in classical algebraic structures; this

is a classical Theorem). Neutrosophically we write: Theorem(1,0,0).
    2) The theorem if true for some elements [degree of truth T], indeterminate for other elements

[degree of indeterminacy I], and false for the other elements [degree of falsehood F], where (T,I,F)

is different from (1,0,0) and from (0,0,1) (this is a NeutroTheorem). Neutrosophically we write:

NeutroTheorem(T,I,F).
    3) The theorem is false for all set's elements (this is an AntiTheorem). Neutrosophically we write:

AntiTheorem(0,0,1).

And similarly for (Lemma, NeutroLemma, AntiLemma), (Consequence, NeutroConsequence,

AntiConsequence), (Algorithm, NeutroAlgorithm, AntiAlgorithm), (Property, NeutroProperty,

AntiProperty), etc.

    Algebra, NeutroAlgebra, AntiAlgebra

    1) An algebraic structure who’s all operations are well-defined and all axioms are totally true is

called a classical Algebraic Structure (or Algebra).
    2) An algebraic structure that has at least one NeutroOperation or one NeutroAxiom (and no

AntiOperation and no AntiAxiom) is called a NeutroAlgebraic Structure (or NeutroAlgebra).
    3) An algebraic structure that has at least one AntiOperation or one Anti Axiom is called an

AntiAlgebraic Structure (or AntiAlgebra).
    Therefore, a neutrosophic triplet is formed: <Algebra, NeutroAlgebra, AntiAlgebra>,
where “Algebra” can be any classical algebraic structure, such as: a groupoid, semigroup, monoid,

group, commutative group, ring, field, vector space, BCK-Algebra, BCI-Algebra, etc.
 

Topology, NeutroTopology, AntiTopology

    1) A topology who’s all axioms are totally true is called a classical Topology (or Topology).
    2) A topology that has at least one NeutroAxiom (and no AntiAxiom) is called a NeutroTopology.
    3) A topology that has at least one AntiAxiom is called an AntiTopology.
    Therefore, a neutrosophic triplet is formed: <Topology, NeutroTopology, AntiTopology>,
where “Topology” may be any type of classical topology.

    Structure, NeutroStructure, AntiStructure in any field of knowledge

    In general, by NeutroSophication, Smarandache extended any classical Structure, in no matter

what field of knowledge, to a NeutroStructure, and by  AntiSophication to an AntiStructure.
    A classical Structure, in any field of knowledge, is composed of: a non-empty space, populated

by some elements, and both (the space and all elements) are characterized by some relations 

among themselves (such as: operations, laws, axioms, properties, functions, theorems, lemmas,

consequences, algorithms, charts, hierarchies, equations, inequalities, etc.), and by their 

attributes (size, weight, color, shape, location, etc.).

    Of course, when analysing a structure, it counts with respect to what relations and what 

attributes we do it.

    Relation, NeutroRelation, AntiRelation

     1) A classical Relation is a relation that is true for all elements of the set (degree of

truth T = 1). Neutrosophically we write Relation(1,0,0).

     2) A NeutroRelation is a relation that is true for some of the elements (degree of truth T),

indeterminate for other elements (degree of indeterminacy I), and false for the other elements

(degree of falsehood F). Neutrosophically we write Relation(T,I,F), where (T,I,F) is different

from (1,0,0) and (0,0,1).

     3) An AntiRelation is a relation that is false for all elements (degree of falsehood F = 1).

Neutrosophically we write Relation(0,0,1).

    Attribute, NeutroAttribute, AntiAttribute

     1) A classical Attribute is an attribute that is true for all elements of the set (degree of

truth T = 1). Neutrosophically we write Attribute(1,0,0).

     2) A NeutroAttribute is an attribute that is true for some of the elements (degree of

truth T), indeterminate for other elements (degree of indeterminacy I), and false for the

other elements (degree of falsehood F). Neutrosophically we write Attribute(T,I,F), where

(T,I,F) is different from (1,0,0) and (0,0,1).

     3) An AntiAttribute is an attribute that is false for all elements (degree of falsehood F = 1).

Neutrosophically we write Attribute(0,0,1).

    Structure, NeutroStructure, AntiStructure

     1) A classical Structure is a structure whose all elements are characterized by the same

given Relationships and Attributes and Laws.

     2) A NeutroStructure is a structure that has at least one NeutroRelation or one NeutroAttribute

or one NeutroLaw, and no AntiRelation and no AntiAttribute and no AntiLaw.

     3) An AntiStructure is a structure that has at least one AntiRelation or one AntiAttribute or

one AntiLaw.

   Almost all Structures are NeutroStructures

    The Classical Structures in science mostly exist in theoretical, abstract, perfect, homogeneous,

idealistic spaces - because in our everyday life almost all structures are NeutroStructures, since

they are neither perfect nor applying to the whole population, and not all elements of the space

have the same relations and same attributes in the same degree (not all elements behave in the

same way).

    The indeterminacy and partiality, with respect to the space, to their elements, to their relations

or to their attributes are not taken into consideration in the Classical Structures. But our Real World

is full of structures with indeterminate (vague, unclear, conflicting, unknown, etc.) data and

partialities.

    There are exceptions to almost all laws, and the laws are perceived in different degrees by

different people.

    Examples of NeutroStructures from our Real World

     (i) In the Christian society the marriage law is defined as the union between a male and a

female (degree of truth).

But, in the last decades, this law has become less than 100% true, since persons of the same

sex were allowed to marry as well (degree of falsehood).

On the other hand, there are transgender people (whose sex is indeterminate), and people

who have changed the sex by surgical procedures, and these people (and their marriage)

cannot be included in the first two categories (degree of indeterminacy).

Therefore, since we have a NeutroLaw (with respect to the Law of Marriage) we have a

Christian NeutroStructure.

    (ii) In India, the law of marriage is not the same for all citizen: Hindi religious men

may marry only one wife, while the Muslims may marry up to four wives.

    (iii) Not always the difference between good and bad may be clear, from a point of view

a thing may be good, while from another point of view bad. There are things that are

partially good, partially neutral, and partially bad.

    (iv) The laws do not equally apply to all citizens, so they are NeutroLaws. Some laws

apply to some degree to a category of citizens, and to a different degree to another

category. Almost always there are exceptions to the law! As such, there is an American

folkloric joke: All people are born equal, but some people are more equal than others!

     - There are powerful people that are above the laws, and other people that benefit

of immunity with respect to the laws.

    - For example, in the court of law, privileged people benefit from better defense lawyers

than the lower classes, so they may get a lighter sentence.   

    - Not all criminals go to jail, but only those caught and proven guilty in the court of law.

Nor criminals that for reason of insanity cannot stand trail and do not go to jail since they

cannot make a difference between right and wrong.

    - Unfortunately, even innocent people went and might go to jail because of sometimes

jurisdiction mistakes...

    - The Hypocrisy and Double Standard are widely spread: some regulation applies to some

people, but not to others!

   (v) Anti-Abortion Law does not apply to all pregnant women: the incest, rapes, and women

whose life is threatened may get abortions.

   (vi) Gun-Control Law does not apply to all citizen: the police, army, security, professional

hunters are allowed to bear arms.

Etc.

References

1. F. Smarandache, Introduction to NeutroAlgebraic Structures and AntiAlgebraic Structures [ http://fs.unm.edu/NA/NeutroAlgebraicStructures-chapter.pdf ], in his book 

Advances of Standard and Nonstandard Neutrosophic Theories, Pons Publishing House Brussels,

Belgium, Chapter 6, pages 240-265, 2019; 

http://fs.unm.edu/AdvancesOfStandardAndNonstandard.pdf

2. Florentin Smarandache: NeutroAlgebra is a Generalization of Partial Algebra. International

Journal of Neutrosophic Science (IJNS), Volume 2, 2020, pp. 8-17.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3989285
http://fs.unm.edu/NeutroAlgebra.pdf

3. Florentin Smarandache: Introduction to NeutroAlgebraic Structures and AntiAlgebraic

Structures (revisited). Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, vol. 31, pp. 1-16, 2020.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3638232
http://fs.unm.edu/NSS/NeutroAlgebraic-AntiAlgebraic-Structures.pdf

4. Florentin Smarandache, Generalizations and Alternatives of Classical Algebraic

Structures to NeutroAlgebraic Structures and AntiAlgebraic Structures, Journal of

Fuzzy Extension and Applications (JFEA), J. Fuzzy. Ext. Appl. Vol. 1, No. 2 (2020) 85–87,

DOI: 10.22105/jfea.2020.248816.1008
http://fs.unm.edu/NeutroAlgebra-general.pdf

5. A.A.A. Agboola, M.A. Ibrahim, E.O. Adeleke: Elementary Examination of NeutroAlgebras

and AntiAlgebras viz-a-viz the Classical Number Systems. International Journal of

Neutrosophic Science (IJNS), Volume 4, 2020, pp. 16-19.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3989530
http://fs.unm.edu/ElementaryExaminationOfNeutroAlgebra.pdf 

6. A.A.A. Agboola: Introduction to NeutroGroups. International Journal of Neutrosophic

Science (IJNS), Volume 6, 2020, pp. 41-47. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3989823
http://fs.unm.edu/IntroductionToNeutroGroups.pdf

7. A.A.A. Agboola: Introduction to NeutroRings. International Journal of Neutrosophic

Science (IJNS), Volume 7, 2020, pp. 62-73. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3991389
http://fs.unm.edu/IntroductionToNeutroRings.pdf

8. Akbar Rezaei, Florentin Smarandache: On Neutro-BE-algebras and Anti-BE-algebras.

International Journal of Neutrosophic Science (IJNS), Volume 4, 2020, pp. 8-15. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3989550
http://fs.unm.edu/NA/OnNeutroBEalgebras.pdf

9. Mohammad Hamidi, Florentin Smarandache: Neutro-BCK-Algebra. International Journal

of Neutrosophic Science (IJNS), Volume 8, 2020, pp. 110-117.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3991437
http://fs.unm.edu/Neutro-BCK-Algebra.pdf

10. Florentin Smarandache, Akbar Rezaei, Hee Sik Kim: A New Trend to Extensions of

CI-algebras. International Journal of Neutrosophic Science (IJNS) Vol. 5, No. 1 ,

pp. 8-15, 2020; DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3788124
http://fs.unm.edu/Neutro-CI-Algebras.pdf 

11. Florentin Smarandache: Extension of HyperGraph to n-SuperHyperGraph and to Plithogenic

n-SuperHyperGraph, and Extension of HyperAlgebra to n-ary (Classical-/Neutro-/Anti-)HyperAlgebra.

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol. 33, pp. 290-296, 2020. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3783103
http://fs.unm.edu/NSS/n-SuperHyperGraph-n-HyperAlgebra.pdf

12. A.A.A. Agboola: On Finite NeutroGroups of Type-NG. International Journal of Neutrosophic

Science (IJNS), Volume 10, Issue 2, 2020, pp. 84-95. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4277243, http://fs.unm.edu/NA/OnFiniteNeutroGroupsOfType-NG.pdf

13. A.A.A. Agboola: On Finite and Infinite NeutroRings of Type-NR. International Journal of

Neutrosophic Science (IJNS), Volume 11, Issue 2, 2020, pp. 87-99. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4276366, http://fs.unm.edu/NA/OnFiniteAndInfiniteNeutroRings.pdf 

14. A.A.A. Agboola, Introduction to AntiGroups, International Journal of Neutrosophic Science

(IJNS), Vol. 12, No. 2, PP. 71-80, 2020, http://fs.unm.edu/NA/IntroductionAntiGroups.pdf

15. M.A. Ibrahim and A.A.A. Agboola, Introduction to NeutroHyperGroups, Neutrosophic 

Sets and Systems, vol. 38, 2020, pp. 15-32. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4300363,

http://fs.unm.edu/NSS/IntroductionToNeutroHyperGroups2.pdf

16. Elahe Mohammadzadeh and Akbar Rezaei, On NeutroNilpotentGroups, Neutrosophic Sets

and Systems, vol. 38, 2020, pp. 33-40. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4300370, 

http://fs.unm.edu/NSS/OnNeutroNilpotentGroups3.pdf

17. F. Smarandache, Structure, NeutroStructure, and AntiStructure in Science, International

Journal of Neutrosophic Science (IJNS), Volume 13, Issue 1, PP: 28-33, 2020; 

http://fs.unm.edu/NA/NeutroStructure.pdf

18. Diego Silva Jiménez, Juan Alexis Valenzuela Mayorga, Mara Esther Roja Ubilla, and

Noel Batista Hernández, NeutroAlgebra for the evaluation of barriers to migrants’ access

in Primary Health Care in Chile based on PROSPECTOR function, Neutrosophic Sets and

Systems, vol. 39, 2021, pp. 1-9. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4444189

19. Madeleine Al-Tahan, F. Smarandache, and Bijan Davvaz, NeutroOrderedAlgebra:

Applications to Semigroups, Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, vol. 39, 2021, pp.133-147. 

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4444331

20. F. Smarandache, Universal NeutroAlgebra and Universal AntiAlgebra, Chapter 1,

pp. 11-15, in the collective book NeutroAlgebra Theory, Vol. 1, edited by F. Smarandache,

M. Sahin, D. Bakbak, V. Ulucay, A. Kargin, Educational Publ., Grandview Heights,

OH, United States, 2021

21. Madeleine Al-Tahan, NeutroOrderedAlgebra: Theory and Examples, 3rd International

Workshop on Advanced Topics in Dynamical Systems, University of Kufa, Iraq, March 1st, 2021.

22. F. Smarandache A. Rezaei A.A.A. Agboola Y.B. Jun R.A. Borzooei B. Davvaz A. Broumand

Saeid M. Akram M. Hamidi S. Mirvakilii, On NeutroQuadrupleGroups, 51st Annual Mathematics

Conference, Kashan, February 16-19, 2021.

23. Madeleine Al-Tahan, Bijan Davvaz, Florentin Smarandache, and Osman Anis, On Some

NeutroHyperstructures, Symmetry 2021, 13, 535,

pp. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13040535; http://fs.unm.edu/NeutroHyperstructure.pdf

24. A. Rezaei, F. Smarandache, and S. Mirvakili, Applications of (Neutro/Anti)sophications to

Semihypergroups, Journal of Mathematics, Hindawi, vol. 2021, Article ID 6649349, pp. 1-7, 2021; https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6649349.

25. F. Smarandache, M. AlTahan (editors), Theory and Applications of NeutroAlgebras as