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Topics of papers to be published on the Neutrosophic Sets and Systems (NSS), Neutrosophic Computing and Machine Learning (NCML), Neutrosophic Knowledge (NK) international journals Zadeh introduced the degree of membership/truth (T) in 1965 and defined the fuzzy set. Atanassov introduced the degree of nonmembership/falsehood (F) in 1986 and defined the intuitionistic fuzzy set. Smarandache introduced the degree of indeterminacy/neutrality (I) as independent or dependent component in 1995 (published in 1998) and he defined the neutrosophic set on three components: (T, I, F) = (Truth, Indeterminacy, Falsehood), where in general T, I, F are subsets of the interval [0, 1]; in particular T, I, F may be intervals, hesitant sets, single-values, etc.; Indeterminacy (or Neutrality), as independent or dependent component from the truth and from the falsehood, is the main distinction between Neutrosophic Theories and other classical and fuzzy theory or fuzzy extension theories: https://fs.unm.edu/Indeterminacy.pdf See F. Smarandache, Neutrosophy / Neutrosophic probability, set, and logic", Proquest, Michigan, USA, 1998, https://fs.unm.edu/eBook-Neutrosophics6.pdf; reviewed in Zentralblatt für Mathematik (Berlin, Germany): https://zbmath.org/?q=an:01273000 and cited by Denis Howe in The Free Online Dictionary of Computing, England, 1999. Neutrosophic Set and Logic are generalizations of classical, fuzzy, and intuitionist fuzzy set and logic:
Etymology Further on, Neutrosophy were extended to Collective
Neutrosophy and n-ary Collective Neutrosophy as opposition,
cooperation, or neutrality: https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/31CollectiveNeutrosophy.pdf Neutrosophic Logic is a general framework for unification of
many existing logics, such as fuzzy logic (especially intuitionistic
fuzzy logic), paraconsistent logic, intuitionist logic, etc. The main
idea of NL is to characterize each logical statement in a
3D-Neutrosophic Space, where each dimension of the space represents
respectively the truth (T), the falsehood (F), and the indeterminacy
(I) of the statement under consideration, where T, I, F are standard or
non-standard real subsets of ]-0, 1+[ with not
necessarily any connection between them. 1980s - Foundation of Paradoxism that is an international movement in science and culture based on excessive use of contradictions, antitheses, oxymoron, and paradoxes [Smarandache]. During three decades (1980-2020) hundreds of authors from tens of countries around the globe contributed papers to 15 international paradoxist anthologies: https://fs.unm.edu/a/paradoxism.htm 1995-1998 – Smarandache extended the paradoxism (based on opposites) to a new branch of philosophy called Neutrosophy (based on opposites and their neutral/indeterminacies), that gave birth to many scientific branches, such as: neutrosophic logic, neutrosophic set, neutrosophic probability and statistics, neutrosophic algebraic structures, and so on with multiple applications in all fields.
Neutrosophy is also an extension of the Dialectics,
the Yin-Yang ancient Chinese philosophy, the Manichaeism,
and in general of the Dualism, The Rank
Order of the Neutrosophic Triplets (T, I, F) May Change after
Normalization Single-Valued, Interval-Valued, Subset-Valued Neutrosophic Standard and NonStandard Set and Logic https://fs.unm.edu/StandardNonStandardNeutrosophicSet.pdf Indeterminacy in Neutrosophic Theories and
their Applications
1998, 2019 - Extended Nonstandard Neutrosophic Logic, Set, Probability based on NonStandard Analysis https://fs.unm.edu/AdvancesOfStandardAndNonstandard.pdf Improved Definition of NonStandard Neutrosophic Logic and Introduction to Neutrosophic Hyperreals (Third version), arXiv, Cornell University, New York City, USA, https://fs.unm.edu/NonStandardAnalysis-Imamura-proven-wrong.pdf The Rank Order of the Neutrosophic Triplets (T, I, F) May Change after Normalization https://fs.unm.edu/RankingOrderMayChange.pdf
2007 – The uncertain Set was extended by Smarandache in 2007 to
uncertain OverSet (when some component is > 1), since
he observed that, for example, an employee working overtime deserves a
degree of membership > 1, with respect to an employee that only
works regular full-time and whose degree of membership = 1; By "uncertain" we mean all types of fuzzy and fuzzy-extensions (intuitionistic fuzzy, neutrosophic, spherical fuzzy, plithogenic, etc.). https://fs.unm.edu/Over-Under-Off.htm
https://fs.unm.edu/NeutrosophicOversetUndersetOffset.pdf Operators for Uncertain Over/Under/Off-Sets/-Logics/ Probabilities/-Statistics
https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/29OperatorsUncertain.pdf
2010 - The α-Discounting (α-DMCDM) as an
extension of AHP, TOPSIS, VIKOR, PROMETHEE, and Weighted Sum
2013 - Development of Neutrosophic Measure and Neutrosophic
Probability (T1,
T2, ...; I1, I2, ...; F1,
F2, ...): (<A>; <neutA1>, <neutA2>, …, <neutAn>; <antiA>) https://fs.unm.edu/LawIncludedMultiple-Middle.pdf and the Law of Included Infinitely-Many-Middles (2023) https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/LawIncludedInfinitely1.pdf (<A>; <neutA1>, <neutA2>, …, <neutAinfinity>; <antiA>) https://fs.unm.edu/NS/NeutrosophicStatistics.htm Neutrosophic Numbers used in Neutrosophic Statistics https://fs.unm.edu/NS/AppurtenanceInclusionEquations-revised.pdf
2010 - Extension of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), TOPSIS, VIKOR, PROMETHEE, and Weighted Sum to α-Discounting Method for Multi-Criteria Decision Making (α-D MCDC) https://fs.unm.edu/ScArt/AlphaDiscountingMethod.pdf https://fs.unm.edu/ScArt/CP-IntervalAlphaDiscounting.pdf https://fs.unm.edu/ScArt/ThreeNonLinearAlpha.pdf https://fs.unm.edu/alpha-DiscountingMCDM-book.pdf 2015 – (t,i,f)-Neutrosophic Graphs.
2015 - Thesis-AntiThesis-NeutroThesis, and NeutroSynthesis,
Neutrosophic Axiomatic System, neutrosophic dynamic systems, symbolic
neutrosophic logic, (t, i, f)-Neutrosophic Structures, I-Neutrosophic
Structures, Refined Literal Indeterminacy, Quadruple Neutrosophic
Algebraic Structures, Multiplication Law of SubIndeterminacies, and
Neutrosophic Quadruple Numbers of the form a + bT + cI + dF, where T,
I, F are literal neutrosophic components, and a, b, c, d are real or
complex numbers: 2015 - 2017
Complex Neutrosophic Set
Refined Complex Neutrosophic Set
2016 - 2024 - the n-th powerset, and the
SuperHyperStructures and Neutrosophic SuperHyperStructures that are
built on it, were founded by Smarandache:
F. Smarandache, HyperUncertain,
SuperUncertain, and SuperHyperUncertain
Sets/Logics/Probabilities/Statistics, Critical Review, 10-19, Vol. XIV,
2017:
2016 - 2018 - Neutrosophic Quantum Computer https://fs.unm.edu/NeutrosophicQuantumComputer.pdf Neutrosophic Logic Based Quantum Computing https://fs.unm.edu/neut/NeutrosophicLogicBasedQuantum.pdf 2016 - Addition, Multiplication, Scalar Multiplication, Power, Subtraction, and Division of Neutrosophic Triplets (T, I, F) https://fs.unm.edu/CR/SubstractionAndDivision.pdf 2017 - 2020 - Neutrosophic Score, Accuracy, and Certainty Functions form a total order relationship on the set of (single-valued, interval-valued, and in general subset-valued) neutrosophic triplets (T, I, F); and these functions are used in MCDM (Multi-Criteria Decision Making): https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/TheScoreAccuracyAndCertainty1.pdf
2017 - In biology Smarandache introduced the Theory of Neutrosophic
Evolution: Degrees of Evolution, Indeterminacy or Neutrality, and
Involution (as extension of
Darwin's Theory of Evolution): https://fs.unm.edu/V/NeutrosophicEvolution.mp4 https://fs.unm.edu/NeutrosophicEvolution.pdf Plithogeny
is a
generalization of Dialectics (dynamics of one type of opposites:
<A> and
<antiA>),
and of Neutrosophy (dynamics of one type of opposites and their
neutrals:
<A> and
<antiA> and
<neutA>),
since Plithogeny studies: the dynamics of many types of opposites
and
their
neutrals ( <A> and
<anti-A> and
<neut-A>;
<B> and
<anti-B> and <neut-B>; etc.) and many
non-opposites
( <C>,
<D>,
etc.) all together.
2017 - Enunciation of the Law that: It Is Easier to Break from
Inside than from Outside a Neutrosophic Dynamic System (Smarandache
- Vatuiu): 2018 - 2024 - Introduction of six new types of soft sets: HyperSoft Set, IndetermSoft Set, IndetermHyperSoft Set, SuperHyperSoft Set, TreeSoft Set, ForestSoft Set: https://fs.unm.edu/TSS/NewTypesSoftSets-Improved.pdf https://fs.unm.edu/TSS/SuperHyperSoftSet.pdf https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/IndetermSoftIndetermHyperSoft38.pdf (with IndetermSoft Operators acting on IndetermSoft Algebra)
2018 – Introduction to Neutrosophic Psychology (Neutropsyche,
Refined Neutrosophic Memory: conscious, aconscious, unconscious,
Neutropsychic Personality, Eros / Aoristos / Thanatos, Neutropsychic
Crisp Personality):
2019 - Introduction to Neutrosophic Sociology (NeutroSociology)
[neutrosophic concept, or (T, I, F)-concept, is a concept that is T%
true, I% indeterminate, and F% false]: 2019 - Refined Neutrosophic Crisp Set https://fs.unm.edu/RefinedNeutrosophicCrispSet.pdf 2019-2024 - Introduction of sixteen new types of topologies: NonStandard Topology, Largest Extended NonStandard Real Topology, Neutrosophic Triplet Weak/Strong Topologies, Neutrosophic Extended Triplet Weak/Strong Topologies, Neutrosophic Duplet Topology, Neutrosophic Extended Duplet Topology, Neutrosophic MultiSet Topology, NonStandard Neutrosophic Topology, NeutroTopology, AntiTopology, Refined Neutrosophic Topology, Refined Neutrosophic Crisp Topology, SuperHyperTopology, and Neutrosophic SuperHyperTopology: https://fs.unm.edu/TT/RevolutionaryTopologies.pdf 2019 - Generalization of the classical Algebraic Structures to NeutroAlgebraic Structures (or NeutroAlgebras) {whose operations and axioms are partially true, partially indeterminate, and partially false} as extensions of Partial Algebra, and to AntiAlgebraic Structures (or AntiAlgebras) {whose operations and axioms are totally false}.
And, in general, he extended any classical Structure, in no matter what field of knowledge, to a NeutroStructure and an AntiStructure: https://fs.unm.edu/NA/NeutroStructure.pdf In 2019 he proposed the Infinitesimally Punctured Wave [ https://fs.unm.edu/IPW/ ], Infinitesimally Punctured Surface, Infinitesimally Punctured Space, and in general Infinitesimally Punctured Quantum Physics — in which a quantum object is visualized as an aggregation of infinitely many infinitesimally spaced particles. When these particles are densely packed, the ensemble appears as a continuous wave, surface, or space respectively; but when a measurement isolates a single constituent, particle-like behavior emerges. The model is situated alongside established alternative interpretations (e.g., de Broglie–Bohm pilot wave theory, wave packet descriptions) and linked to Neutrosophic Quantum Theory, which supplies a logical framework for handling indeterminacy. By offering a concrete visual metaphor, the punctured wave/surface/space/manifold picture aims to bridge the discrete continuous divide and stimulate further discussion on the foundations of quantum physics/mechanics [ https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/39Infinitesimally.pdf, https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/6InfinitesimallyPunctured.pdf ].The ‘infinitesimal distance’ (which is virtual and theoretical) was later extended by him to the 'finitesimally distance' that is a very tiny real distance (which is practical), allowing a wave to be ‘broken’ in a real sense at any point: https://fs.unm.edu/IPW/IPW-to-FPW.pdf. 2021: As alternatives and generalizations of the Non-Euclidean Geometries he introduced in 2021 the NeutroGeometry & AntiGeometry. While the Non-Euclidean Geometries resulted from the total negation of only one specific axiom (Euclid’s Fifth Postulate), the AntiGeometry results from the total negation of any axiom and even of more axioms from any geometric axiomatic system (Euclid’s, Hilbert’s, etc.), and the NeutroGeometry results from the partial negation of one or more axioms [and no total negation of no axiom] from any geometric axiomatic system. https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/NeutroGeometryAntiGeometry31.pdf https://fs.unm.edu/NG/
2019-2022 - Extension of HyperGraph to SuperHyperGraph and Neutrosophic SuperHyperGraph https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/n-SuperHyperGraph.pdf
2020 - Introduction to Neutrosophic Genetics: https://fs.unm.edu/NeutrosophicGenetics.pdf
2021 - Introduction to Neutrosophic Number Theory (Abobala) https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/FoundationsOfNeutrosophicNumberTheory10.pdf
2021 - As alternatives and generalizations of the Non-Euclidean Geometries, Smarandache introduced in 2021 the NeutroGeometry & AntiGeometry. While the Non-Euclidean Geometries resulted from the total negation of only one specific axiom (Euclid’s Fifth Postulate), the AntiGeometry results from the total negation of any axiom and even of more axioms from any geometric axiomatic system (Euclid’s, Hilbert’s, etc.), and the NeutroGeometry results from the partial negation of one or more axioms [and no total negation of no axiom] from any geometric axiomatic system: https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/NeutroGeometryAntiGeometry31.pdf Real Examples of NeutroGeometry and AntiGeometry: https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/ExamplesNeutroGeometryAntiGeometry35.pdf
2021 - Introduction of Plithogenic Logic as a generalization of MultiVariate Logic https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/IntroductionPlithogenicLogic1.pdf 2021 - Introduction of Plithogenic Probability and Statistics as generalizations of MultiVariate Probability and Statistics respectively https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/PlithogenicProbabilityStatistics20.pdf 2021 - Introduction of the AH-Isometry f(x+yI) = f(x) + I[f(x+y) - f(x)], where I = literal Indeterminacy, and x, y are real numbers, and foundation of the Neutrosophic Euclidean Geometry (by Abobala & Hatip) https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/AlgebraicNeutrosophicEuclideanGeometry10.pdf and extension to n-Refined AH-Isometry (Smarandache & Abobala, 2024) https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/RefinedLiteral21.pdf and m-variables n-refined AH-Isometry (Smarandache, Ghadimi, Rezaei, 2024) https://fs.unm.edu/m-variables-n-refined-AH-Isometry.pdf 2016 - 2022 SuperHyperAlgebra & Neutrosophic SuperHyperAlgebra https://fs.unm.edu/SuperHyperAlgebra.pdf
2019 - Infinitesimally Punctured Wave as an Interpretation of
Wave-Particle Duality. The punctured
wave/surface/space picture aims to bridge the discrete continuous divide, and stimulate further discussion on the foundations of quantum physics/mechanics. The
‘infinitesimal distance’ (which is virtual and theoretical) was later
extended by him to the 'finitesimally distance' that is a very tiny real distance (which is practical),
allowing a wave to be ‘broken’ in a real sense at any point: https://fs.unm.edu/IPW/IPW-to-FPW.pdf ]: https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/39Infinitesimally.pdf https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/6InfinitesimallyPunctured.pdf 2022 - SuperHyperFunction, SuperHyperTopology https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/SuperHyperFunction37.pdf 2022 - 2023 Neutrosophic Operational Research (Smarandache - Jdid) https://fs.unm.edu/NeutrosophicOperationsResearch.pdf 2023 - Symbolic Plithogenic Algebraic Structures built on the set of Symbolic Plithogenic Numbers of the form a0 + a1P1 + a2P2 + ... + anPn where the multiplication Pi·Pj is based on the prevalence order and absorbance law https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/SymbolicPlithogenicAlgebraic39.pdf 2023 - Foundation of Neutrosophic Cryptology (Merkepci-Abobala-Allouf) https://fs.unm.edu/NeutrosophicCryptography1.pdf https://fs.unm.edu/NeutrosophicCryptography2.pdf
https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/ 2023 - The MultiNeutrosophic Set (a neutrosophic set whose elements' degrees T, I, F are evaluated by multiple sources): https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/MultiNeutrosophicSet.pdf 2023 - The MultiAlist System of Thought (an open dynamic system of many opposites, with their neutralities or indeterminacies, formed by elements from many systems): https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/MultiAlistSystemOfThought.pdf 2023 -
Appurtenance Equation, Inclusion Equation, https://fs.unm.edu/NS/AppurtenanceInclusionEquations-revised.pdf 2024 - Zarathustra & Neutrosophy https://fs.unm.edu/Zoroastrianism.pdf The Principles of (Partial Locality, Partial Indeterminacy, Partial NonLocality) and (Multi Locality, Multi Indeterminacy, Multi NonLocality) https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/PartialLocality13.pdf Neutrosophy Transcends Binary Oppositions in Mythology and Folklore https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/NeutrosophyTranscendsBinary4.pdf Neutrosophy means: Common Parts to Uncommon Things and Uncommon Parts to Common Things https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/NeutroMeans1.pdf 2024 - Upside-Down Logics: Falsification of the Truth & Truthification of the False https://fs.unm.edu/Upside-DownLogics.pdf 2024 - Partial Falsifiability of Fuzzy and Fuzzy-Extension Hypotheses https://fs.unm.edu/ScArt/NoteOnPartialFalsifiability.pdf 2024 - Neutrosophic (and fuzzy-extensions) TwoFold Algebra https://fs.unm.edu/NeutrosophicTwoFoldAlgebra.pdf 2025 - Neutrosophic Quantum Theory:Partial Entanglement, Partial Effect of the Observer, and Teleportation https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/1QuantumTheory.pdf Neutrosophic Magnetic Field – An Introduction https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/2MagneticField.pdf Applications in: Neutrosophic and Plithogenic Researchers: There are about 7,500 neutrosophic researchers, within 90 countries around the globe, that have produced about 4,000 articles and books, and over 70 PhD and MSc theses, within more than two decades. Many neutrosophic researchers got specialized into various fields of neutrosophics, plithogenics, NeutroAlgebra and AntiAlgebra, NeutroGeometry and AntiGeometry, new types of topologies, new types of soft sets, SuperHyperStructures, etc.
Encyclopedia of Neutrosophic Researchers
http://fs.unm.edu/EncyclopediaNeutrosophicResearchers.pdf http://fs.unm.edu/EncyclopediaNeutrosophicResearchers5.pdf http://fs.unm.edu/EncyclopediaNeutrosophicResearchers6.pdf are pleased to send their CV, photo, and List of Neutrosophic Publications to smarand@unm.edu in order to be included into the next volume of ENR
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