Lagrange-Integrated GRA Model for Urban Landscape Sculpture Site  Selection with Neutrosophic Decision-Making

Qiwei Liu; Jiayin Li; Chang Liu

Authors

Qiwei Liu School of Art and Design, Changchun Guanghua University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China, 130031
Jiayin Li Faculty of Social Sciences and Liberal Arts, UCSI University, 56000, Malaysia
Chang Liu School of Art and Design, Changchun Guanghua University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China

Keywords:

Multiple-attributes decision-making (MADM); probabilistic simplified neutrosophic sets (PSNSs); GRA technique; site selection evaluation

Abstract

Urban landscape sculpture plays a crucial role in preserving cultural heritage, enhancing
city vitality, and reflecting the lives of urban citizens. With the continued development of
landscape sculpture in modern urban environments, the process of site selection has become
increasingly important. A well-chosen location can establish a positive interaction between
sculptures and urban activities. Traditionally, site selection methods have been largely theoretical,
lacking quantitative foundations, which made practical application challenging for designers. To
address this, site selection for urban landscape sculptures can be approached as a multiple-attribute
decision-making (MADM) problem. Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) is an effective method for
handling MADM. Additionally, the probabilistic simplified Neutrosophic set (PSNS) is a useful
tool for expressing uncertainty during site selection evaluations. This study proposes an
optimization technique using the Lagrange function to determine attribute weights, along with the
PSNN-GRA technique for MADM. A numerical example of site selection for urban landscape
sculptures is used to validate the PSNN-GRA method through comparative analysis.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14231069