Optimizing Horizontal Collaboration in Logistics with Neutrosophic Z-Number Decision Models

Abstract

Horizontal collaboration (HC) has emerged as a strategic approach to improve efficiency, 
sustainability, and competitive advantage while reducing CO2 emissions in supply chain operations. Despite 
its potential, HC implementation faces significant challenges, including trust management, strategic 
alignment, and decision-making complexities. This study proposes an integrated methodology that combines 
the Delphi technique and the DEMATEL framework, enhanced by Neutrosophic Z-number (NZN) theories, 
to identify and prioritize critical success factors (CSFs) influencing HC. A case study in Vietnam validates the 
robustness and practical applicability of the proposed model. The findings highlight economic factors—such 
as financial stability, data sharing, and innovation adoption—as key drivers of successful HC. Additionally, 
social factors, including organizational culture and conflict resolution, are found to be intricately linked to 
economic performance. Environmental factors emphasize the critical role of green practices and resource 
optimization. This research provides actionable insights for logistics companies and policymakers aiming to 
promote effective HC, thereby advancing logistics efficiency and sustainability in Vietnam and other 
developing economies. The proposed framework also offers a valuable foundation for future research and 
practical innovations in optimizing logistics collaboration. 

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14827414