Assessment of China's Middle School Physical Education Academic Proficiency Examination Under the Background of New Era Education Reform: Neutrosophic Archimedean t-Norm

Abstract

As China advances its efforts toward educational modernization in the New Era, the integration 
of physical education (PE) into the broader framework of academic proficiency has become a 
central focus of reform. The Middle School Physical Education Academic Proficiency 
Examination marks a significant departure from traditional PE assessment methods, introducing 
a more standardized, data-informed, and holistic evaluation system. 
This paper explores the development, effectiveness, and implications of this examination model 
using a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework. Set against the backdrop of national 
education reform, the study offers insights into how physical fitness, skill development, and 
student growth are being redefined within China’s middle school system.  To support the 
evaluation, two MCDM techniques are employed: the Entropy method, which determines the 
weight of each criterion, and the VIKOR method, which ranks the assessment alternatives. To 
manage uncertainty in expert evaluations, the study applies the Neutrosophic set theory, 
specifically utilizing the Neutrosophic Archimedean t-norm to derive consistent and reliable 
rankings of both criteria and alternatives. 

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15180798