ForestSoft Set Approach for Estimating Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Universities through a Hierarchical and Uncertainty-Aware Analytical Framework

Abstract

This study introduces a novel application of ForestSoft Set (FSS) theory, an 
advanced extension of soft set theory, to evaluate the performance of innovation and 
entrepreneurship education (IEE) in universities. FSS employs a multi-tree hierarchical 
structure to model complex, multi-dimensional attributes under uncertainty, offering a 
robust framework for educational assessment. The methodology integrates qualitative 
and quantitative IEE metrics-curriculum design, student outcomes, and institutional 
impact-into a cohesive FSS model. A comprehensive case study of three universities 
validates the framework, demonstrating its precision in ranking institutions and 
capturing intricate dependencies. Enhanced with new equations for FSS operations, 
uncertainty measures, and decision-making algorithms, the model outperforms 
traditional soft set and TreeSoft Set approaches by 28% in precision. The study concludes 
with actionable recommendations, sensitivity analysis, limitations, and future research 
directions. 

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15468274