Neutrosophic Probabilistic and Statistical Extensions of the NeutroMultiSpace Model for Blended Teaching Process in University Physical Education: A Novel Neutrosophic Modeling Framework

Abstract

This paper introduces a novel neutrosophic modeling framework to better 
understand and assess blended teaching in university physical education. The model is 
based on the NeutroMultiSpace structure, which combines in-person participation, digital 
engagement, and physical performance. Each of these dimensions is represented using 
neutrosophic triplets ⟨T, I, F⟩, reflecting levels of effectiveness, uncertainty, and failure. 
To make this model more realistic and practical, we extend it with new neutrosophic 
probabilistic and statistical tools. These include formulas to measure how well student 
performance fits the learning goals, as well as calculations of neutrosophic variance and 
confidence regions. These tools help identify differences between students and show how 
reliable the results are. This approach provides teachers with a powerful way to 
understand student learning on a deeper level. It captures not just what students get right 
or wrong, but also the uncertainty and flexibility that are part of real learning. The model 
is original in its foundation in neutrosophic logic and offers a new path for data-driven 
and personalized teaching in physical education and beyond. 

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15691303