NE³-Dynamics: A Neutrosophic Dynamical Model for Measuring Performance in College Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education

Abstract

This study introduces NE³-Dynamics, a novel neutrosophic dynamical 
framework for assessing the effectiveness of innovation and entrepreneurship education 
in higher education institutions. The model represents each targeted learning 
competency, such as design thinking, market validation, and prototyping, using a three
component neutrosophic state vector (T, I, F) that captures degrees of truth, 
indeterminacy, and falsity. Educational interventions, e.g., courses, hackathons, incubator 
programs, are formalized as neutrosophic functions, whose compositions can increase the 
indeterminacy component, reflecting compounded uncertainty in sequential learning 
processes. Key entrepreneurial milestones are evaluated through neutrosophic 
probability, enabling explicit representation of structural ambiguity in performance 
measurement. The temporal evolution of competencies is described by neutrosophic 
differential equations, integrating the cumulative effect of interventions over time into a 
composite NE³ Index of program effectiveness. By treating indeterminacy as a measurable 
and intrinsic dimension rather than as random error, the proposed approach overcomes 
significant limitations of traditional assessment methods. Numerical examples and 
simulations demonstrate its applicability, interpretability, and potential for improving 
decision-making in curriculum design and program evaluation for innovation and 
entrepreneurship education. 

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16884286