Neutrosophic Gaussian Processes with Bootstrap Hypothesis Testing for Performance Evaluation of Highways Asphalt Pavement

Authors

  • Haocheng Xiong School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
  • Tao Yang School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

Keywords:

Neutrosophy; Gaussian processes; Bootstrap hypothesis testing; Asphalt pavement; Rutting; IRI; Cracking; Performance evaluation.

Abstract

 Highway agencies must evaluate asphalt pavement performance under 
heterogeneous evidence: sensor noise, missing records, inconsistent inspections, and 
conflicting expert opinions. Classical regression compresses ambiguity into error terms 
and cannot separate "uncertainty" from "negative evidence." We develop a Neutrosophic 
Gaussian Process (NGP) framework that treats each observation as a triplet (

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Published

2025-12-20

Issue

Vol. 93 (2025): Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Section

Article

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

 Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.

How to Cite

Haocheng Xiong, & Tao Yang. (2025). Neutrosophic Gaussian Processes with Bootstrap Hypothesis Testing for Performance Evaluation of Highways Asphalt Pavement . Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, 93, 345-352. https://fs.unm.edu/nss8/index.php/111/article/view/7113