Neutrosophic Assessment of Legal Certainty in the Digital Transformation of Logistics in Callao: A Comparative Study Based on SVNN and the Neutrosophic Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

Abstract

The digitalization of the logistics sector in Callao challenges the notion of legal certainty. The implementation of new technologies such as electronic signatures and smart contracts generates uncertainty, exposing individuals and legal entities to greater risks if adequate legal protection is not in place. Although prior research on regulatory compliance exists, little has been done to certify legality over time and in the present. To address legal ambiguity and contradictions, this study proposes a neutrosophic approach. A model is constructed by applying the logic of Single Valued Neutrosophic Numbers (SVNN) and weighting through the Neutrosophic Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). By investigating two groups of logistics companies—one highly digitized and one with low digitalization—and focusing on the triads of truth (T), indeterminacy (I), and falsity (F), the comparison of information leads to the results. It is determined that greater technological maturity is associated with a higher perception of legal certainty, although ambiguity persists in areas such as criminal liability and uncertain legislation. This research enhances the concept of legal certainty in virtual environments with a theoretical contribution—a methodology to assess a hybrid complex—and a practical contribution—recommendations for companies and regulators seeking assurance of compliance and effective regulation, respectively, in the digital area of Callao.